WB: - The Department of Information of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, and the General Staff almost every day informed the public almost after every missile and bomb strike against terrorists in Syria. Why, in your opinion, the American coalition did not do the same thing?
VG: - About 8 months ago, they also began to inform, provide a summary. Of course, the difference is fundamental. They are from time to time, and we are in daily mode. The Center for Reconciliation acts, gives a summary of all the issues, and the Information Department, the Main Operations Department ... Why should people wonder what is happening there? We must tell you what happened during the day, what plans ...
WB: - What was the most difficult for the General Staff in planning a military operation in Syria?
VG: - The most difficult in preparation and in the initial period of the operation is the organization of interaction with government troops, with all the different groups. Many detachments from the patriotic population. They are armed, we are attracting them to the side of government troops. It was not easy to establish the interaction of all these units with our Aerospace forces, to organize all types of security. But we have already learned this. Everything is within the framework and works normally. In Khemeymim, a modern command post has been set up, which manages the grouping of our troops in Syria. Work is coordinated.
WB: - What adjustments did the General Staff make to the actions of our troops in the fight against terrorism? Still, it was essentially the first clash of our troops with such large formations of thugs in Russia's history.
VG: - Adjustments are made constantly. Because approaches, forms, ways of actions change. First, in small quantities, then the use of jihad mobile by terrorists became more widespread. And this had to be reacted ...
Thus, during the fighting for Deir ez Zor, for other settlements in the valley of the Euphrates River, the use of jihad-mobile has become almost a mass character. At first there were 2-3 jihad mobile phones, and then 7-8 each in one battle. What it is? It's a car, an infantry fighting vehicle or a tank stuffed with explosives. There may be 300-400 kilograms of explosives or more. The suicide bomber controls it. He chooses the shortest path to the positions of government troops. At high speed, it is advancing towards them and carrying out detonation. There can be two or three such machines.
On this sector of the front - massive losses, many killed, wounded. This is a huge explosion force. Panic ... There is a gap - depending on the power of the explosive and the number of jihad mobile phones used. In the summer of 2016, in the Aleppo region, three jihad mobile phones managed to leave the city in this way. Two block posts of Syrian government troops were blown up. A gap of 500-700 meters was formed. The actions of the militants were planned in advance, they struck both sides of this corridor and broke through the encirclement. Then I had to restore the lost positions about three months ago, and with heavy fighting.
Naturally, this does not fit into the framework of, let's say, normal military operations. But the conclusions had to be drawn ...
WB: - And what?
VG: - First, there is constant monitoring. Determine the road directions by which they can go. In these directions, fence junctions, minefields and so on are being built, a system of defensive destruction is being organized, starting from distant approaches. These are ATGMs, tanks, as they approach - grenade launchers. As a result, 2-3 jihad-mobile were destroyed at the stage of nomination, others - when approaching the front edge. The troops learned to counter them. In addition, all settlements were prepared by the Igilovites for circular defense, apparently there used to work the local civilian population. In fact, the second city was under construction under the ground: the communications routes, all the necessary infrastructure. Assault detachments must be able to fight in such conditions.
WB: - Where did the Igilovites get such a huge amount of "Toyot"?
VG: "All these years they have been helped by the flow from a number of states, including from the Middle East ... and through non-governmental foundations. Not only cars - it's just a civilian component. And also modern weapons, new ammunition, modern means ...
Intelligence, binoculars, night sights, communication systems - all modern, not antediluvian.
WB: - There are reports that some of the Igilovites already in Afghanistan were in Jordan. Where does this contagion spread?
VG: - Part returns to the countries where they came illegally. The bulk goes to Libya, to the countries of South-West Asia. In Afghanistan, it also can not be excluded, - the soil there is fertile there.
WB: - How do you assess the state of the armed forces of Syria at the beginning of the operation today?
VG: - The difference is big. The Syrian Armed Forces during the war, by the fall of 2015, virtually lost the entire territory. Under the control of government forces, 10% of the territory of Syria remained.
WB: - This is the moment we started the operation?
VG: - Yes. The situation was very difficult. And morale and fatigue. Lack of ammunition, necessary types of security, management. Our operation began, after a while there were first successes. Any victories inspire, inspire, now the Syrian army has got good experience. We helped them, repaired the equipment on the spot ... Today the Syrian army is able to carry out tasks to protect its territory.
WB: - How many of our military passed through the Syrian campaign?
VG: - 48-odd thousand soldiers and officers. Of these, one in four is awarded or submitted to a government award. Departmental awards have received everything.
WB: - How do you assess the role of our military advisers who worked in the Syrian army?
VG: - I appreciate their role. In each division-battalion, brigade, regiment, division-is the apparatus of the military adviser. In its composition - the necessary officials. This is the operational staff, scout, artilleryman, engineer, translators and other officials. They, in fact, are planning military operations. Assist in the management of units in the performance of combat missions. In all areas of action are tied together by a single plan, a single plan, guidance is provided from the command post of the group in Khmeimim.
WB: - Did the General Staff have the goal of rolling out as many military men in Syria as possible?
VG: - Yes. And we did it. Not just servicemen - the most important thing is to roll over commanders, officers. Commanders of the troops of the districts - all there have visited, and for a long time. Everyone was in command of the group. All the chiefs of staff ...
VB: They were replaced there 4 or 5, the commanders?
VG: - Dvornikov, Kartapolov, Surovikin, Zarudnitsky, Zhuravlev ...
VB: - You gave them the opportunity to direct this level, yes?
VG: - They came with the main staff of their administrative apparatus: the chiefs of operational control, intelligence, communications, missile forces and artillery, engineers ...
WB: - So they took their staffs, the whole apparatus ran?
VG: - In the same way, the management of the army is also everything, 90% of the divisions, and more than half of the regiments and brigades.
VB: - That is, we have now received the command staff, which is tempered in these battles ... Having a real combat experience.
VG: - They have combat experience, yes.
WB: - Valery, I would like to return once again to this question: we stay in Hmeimime, we stay in Tartus. You said, it's to help the Syrian army, right?
VG: - Yes, for possible help.
WB: - Yes. You did not mention the naval component. Some of the ships will be in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea? Just like we are standing there now? Our ships. Or are we leaving?
VG: - We will not go anywhere. In the Mediterranean, our permanent connection of ships now operates on an ongoing basis.
WB: - It also remains, right?
VG: - It was there and before the events in Syria was effective, from 2015.
And we will stay on an ongoing basis ...
WB: - You have visited Syria many times, met with our soldiers, officers, looked into their eyes ... What is your impression of communication with these people, with your subordinates? ... With those people who carried out your orders, the orders of the Supreme Commander, the Minister of Defense.
VG: - Impressions are good, most positive. Immediately striking desire to accomplish the task - by all means ... Good fighting coherence. And it's very good, because the officers go there without additional training, and by rotation ... For three months. This means that the whole system of combat training of troops and government bodies is working, people are ready to perform tasks, and there they show it in practice. Our officers, servicemen performed many heroic and courageous actions, demonstrated steadfastness, trained Syrians.
Over time, we came to the fact that there were more Syrian units that are capable of advancing and gained combat stability ... Brigadier General Hasan Suhel and his units showed themselves very well in offensive operations against terrorists.
But without our advisors, such a success would not have happened.
WB: - Will the lessons of the Syrian campaign be taken out by the General Staff?
VG: - The study and generalization of experience always occurs. From the first day of this campaign, such work was conducted ... All the cases that occurred, the experience of combat operations were thoroughly studied, brought to all units and to the military, who were only going to decrease there, so that all this was taken into account. We held several conferences on the exchange of experience. A number of manuals have been published summarizing this experience.
WB: - In Syria, a large number of our weapons were tested. How does the General Staff evaluate them?
VG: - We have tested more than 200 types of weapons and equipment, modern ones - those that were recently adopted, which were going to be accepted, which were already in service. It seems that all state tests passed, and everything is shown normally in the exercises ... But in the course of accomplishing the combat mission, there are some problems that were not noticed before. We have to refine something. Our officers and servicemen reported on the problems that arose. In Syria, continuous military-scientific support was provided for the use of all types of weapons and equipment.
VB: - They say that our designers and engineers were there, yes?
VG: - Engineers, designers, military scientists. Developers - everyone was there. For each model of weapons, its positive aspects are noted, which should be improved. Now the absolute majority of these shortcomings have been eliminated. The fact that we tested weapons and equipment in combat conditions is a huge deal.
Now we are confident in our weapons.
WB: - Have you often had to contact the chief of Syria's general staff for this time?
VG: - Often.
WB: Is this mostly done over the phone?
VG: - And on the phone, and personally. I came to him, and he came to me in Khmeimim ... We went together in separate directions. Constantly.
WB: - He knows Russian, already more or less talking?
VG: - He studied with us at the Frunze Academy.
WB: - Recently, the Minister of Defense on behalf of the President of Russia presented awards and announced gratitude to all those who provided security for Putin's visit to Syria. Well, on the day when, you know, when he announced the withdrawal of the group to their homeland. Was it a special operation?
VG: - Such events are not randomly conducted. Careful preparation is required. The necessary forces and means were drawn: on land, in the air, on the sea, ensuring the safety of this visit. They coped with their task.
WB: - Can you make a forecast for the further development of events in Syria? Now, at least for 2018?
VG: - On the military line - the completion of the destruction of rebels Djebhat an-Nusra and their ilk. Some of the militants of this terrorist organization are in the zones of de-escalation.
There are many different formations. Some support the regime of cessation of hostilities. Jebhath an-Nusra-categorically against. Hence, they will have to be destroyed.
WB: - Are these large factions?
VG: - Different. More - in Idlib, less - in other areas. Differently. I think that after a certain time they will be finished. Moreover, in the zones of de-escalation, the regime for the cessation of hostilities is maintained. There humanitarian aid arrives, social issues are resolved, everyday ...
The second task is to translate the military solution of the issue into a political channel. In the direction of political settlement. And she dares. Preparations are now underway for the Congress of the Syrian National Dialogue ...
VB: - Our long-range bombers, when they flew to combat duty in Syria, they also flew through the space of Iraq and Iran. Were there any problems when you requested airspace?
VG: - We have well established cooperation with the military of these countries and failures did not arise.
WB: - Never before has the Russian army used, in my opinion, as many drones as in Syria. How do you assess the value of this type of technology, given the Syrian experience?
VG: - In Syria, an average of about 60-70 drones are on the average daily in the sky. They conduct reconnaissance, there are drones, which perform the tasks of electronic suppression and solve other issues.
We made a big step over the pilotless for 5 years. We used to have only the old Soviet type "Flight". Now, without a drones, combat operations are unthinkable. It is used by artillerymen, scouts, pilots - all. With the help of unmanned vehicles, reconnaissance-strike, reconnaissance and fire contours are created.
WB: - And how did the Special Operations Forces show themselves in Syria?
VG: - The forces of special operations, in fact, passed their formation, showed themselves on the best side. They were engaged in directing aviation to the targets, liquidating the leaders of bandit formations, and a whole series of other tasks. We are very satisfied with the experience they have received.
WB: - All our military, who passed through Syria, will be recognized or have already been recognized as participants in the fighting?
VG: - Yes, there is an addition to the law "On Veterans", it is accepted, they are veterans of military operations.
WB: - In some media there are "opinions" that the Russian army had nothing to do in Syria. How would you respond to this?
VG: - If we did not interfere in Syria, what would happen? Look, in 2015 there was little more than 10% of the territory under the control of the government. A month or two, and by the end of 2015, Syria would have been completely under IGIL. Iraq is for the most part too. IGIL would gain momentum, spread to neighboring countries. Several thousand of our "tribesmen" went there to fight. We would have to face this force already on our territory. They would operate in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Volga region. There would be problems of a much larger order. We broke the ridge of Igil in Syria. In fact, our Armed Forces defeated the enemy on the far approaches to the borders of our state.
VB: - What could the chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia wish the military, their families, in connection with the upcoming 2018?
VG: - Who wants the world most of all? Military. Therefore, I want to wish all servicemen and their families a peaceful sky above their heads, good health, and further success in the service.